Showing posts with label history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label history. Show all posts

Monday, October 26, 2026

Some Days at the Office Are Better Than Others

 I am doing rebuttals of expert declarations again. One of the declarations make a claim about the absence of firearms in U.S. military hospitals in the Framing Era. This is not intrinsically absurd but the expert claims to have read James Thacher's Military Journal and found evidence contradicting her claim. It is 600 pages. I need to read it myself rather than rely on AI to characterize its contents. 

Requiring a historian to read a contemporaneous, often eye-witness account of the American Revolution is rather like being paid to taste test every pizza joint in your town.

Thursday, October 22, 2026

This is Both Tragic and Weirdly Weird

 Oakland, Cal. (1974)

01/31/1974: Someone hacked to death three people in a mortuary as they attempting to escape their attackers. Police later arrested a man, 20, for the murders and theft of “several bottles of embalming fluid.” His father brought him to the police station in response to an arrest warrant for rape in an unrelated event.

The embalming fluid theft, and the murders probably caused by the theft, while at first bizarre, has a rational basis. Drug dealers in the 1970s used “embalming fluid” as a street name for PCP into which marijuana cigarettes were dipped. “This eventually led to the actual use of embalming fluid when lacing both cannabis and tobacco cigarettes.”

Category: public

Suicide: no

Cause: robbery 

Weapon: other sharp[1]

I Barely Remember This

Reading the Wikipedia article about the Zebra killings, their racial motivation, their reputed connection to Nation of Islam, the deranged political response to attempts to find the murderers is pretty depressing. If you think our current societal madness is bad, 1974 was not so wonderful, either.

Wednesday, October 21, 2026

When the Incidents Get Close Enough in Time to Recognize the M.O. Before You Find the Confirmation

 Wichita, Kan. (1974)

01/15/1974: Police were puzzling over a crime scene where the phone line was cut, the parents were bound, gagged, beaten, then strangled to death. The son was also bound with three plastic bags over his head; he likely suffocated. The daughter was hanging in the basement, toes two inches from the floor. Their other three children were at school. There was no sign of robbery, although the murderer appears to have stolen their car. Police later suggested there was some sort of fetish to the murders but refused to describe what had been done to the bodies in support of this theory. The B.T.K. murderer eventually claimed to have done it.

Category: family non-resident

Suicide: no

Cause: mental illness

Weapon: strangle, hang[1]



[1] "Four In Wichita Family Slain," Kansas City Times, Jan. 16, 1974, 1, 16; “Murders Baffle Wichita Lawmen,” [Olathe, Kan.] Olathe News, Jan. 17, 1974, 1; “Letter Writer Claims He Killed Seven in Wichita,” [Iola, Kan.] Iola Register, Feb. 11, 1978, 1..

Sunday, October 11, 2026

Gleaning and SNAP

 I was reading Ruth for a Bible Study and ran into both the word and concept of gleaning. Leviticus 19:9-10 directs farmers:

9“ ‘When you reap the harvest of your land, do not reap to the very edges of your field or gather the gleanings of your harvest. 10Do not go over your vineyard a second time or pick up the grapes that have fallen. Leave them for the poor and the foreigner. I am the Lord your God.

Why? Even the poorest could put a small amount of labor into gathering food without anyone else needing to do so. This provided for them but also meant that a poor person would need to invest some effort into getting himself fed. At the same time, he was not going (to mix a Victorian metaphor profoundly time machine blended) cap in hand asking for help. His dignity was undamaged. If you were too proud to invest a few minutes of your time locating unharvested food, you were probably too proud. From the Torah.com:

The concept of “charity” (tzedakah) in a form recognizable to us today – as giving one’s money or other asset to the poor without an expectation of compensation from the recipient – is a post-biblical development, beginning in the Hellenistic era and brought to fuller fruition in the earliest rabbinic texts (second-third centuries C.E.).[1] In the Hebrew Bible, support for the poor is provided in a variety of different ways.

Exodus 23:11 instructs landowners to leave their land fallow every seventh year for the poor to collect what grows. Deuteronomy (14:28–9 and 26:12–15) requires the tithe in the third and sixth years of the Sabbatical cycle, to be given to the needy, and advocates lending to the poor in the years leading up to the cancellation of debts every seventh year (15:7–11).

A number of prophetic texts also express special empathy for the poor, instructing the reader not to take advantage of the needy (Isa 3:14–15, 10:1–2; Jer 5:28; Amos 8:4–6) while the book of Esther (9:22) instructs one to give “gifts to the poor” on the festival of Purim.

Above all, the preeminent way to support the poor in the Hebrew Bible is through allocations to the poor at the time of the harvest, which is the focus of this piece.

Gleraning seems to have been a right recognized in English law at times:

GLEANING, LEASING,OR LESING, FromFr. glainer, quasi graner ; colligere grana. Teuton. Ahrlesen, ex ahr, spica, & lesen, colligere. Minshew in v. Glean] It hath beensaid, that by the commonlaw and custom ofEngland, the poor are allowed toenter and gleanuponanother'sground, after the harvest,withoutbeing guilty of trespass; which humane provision seems borrowed from the Mosaical law. 3 Comm. 212, 213. Trials per pais, c. 15. p. 438. 534. [Giles Jacob, comp. 3 The Law-Dictionary 185 ( 1811).]

Right of poor to glean-Most municipal laws had some rules relating to poor and famishing people before poor laws were adopted. Moses prohibited the owners of fields from reaping the corners of their crops, or from gathering the scattered ears, or fruits of the trees after being shaken, these being reserved as an indirect fund of support to the gleaners.¹ And a traveller could pluck the ears of corn growing near the wayside and eat, though not carry them away; and he was even justified in entering his neighbour's vineyard and eating enough of grapes to satisfy his appetite.2 And Mahomet also recognised gleaning as a sacred right of the poor. Moreover a Brahmin in his travels when hungry was exempted from fine, if he took only two sugar-canes, or two esculent roots from another's field. 4 By the ancient laws of Wales a poor man, who had traversed a certain breadth of country without obtaining either alms or entertainment, was not punishable though caught with stolen eatables in his possession. [James Paterson, 2 COMMENTARIES ON THE LIBERTY OF THE SUBJECT AND The Laws of England RELATING TO The Security of the Person, 24 (1877)]

If the right to glean was ever recognized in American law, I have not seen it. Yet the parallel to SNAP (or "Food Stamps" as the program was known in my youth) is very strong. When Food Stamps were created, the goal was to soak up the surplus that American agriculture had created by its high efficiency in the postwar era. This is why the Food Stamp Act of 1964 excluded imported foods:

(b) The term “food” means any food or food product for human consumption except alcoholic beverages, tobacco, those foods which are identified on the package as being imported, and meat and meat products which are imported.

In a weird analogy, SNAP was doing the gleaning on behalf of the poor. Farmers were producing food so efficiently that there was not enough demand to buy it all, so our government was doing a sort of post-harvest gleaning. Similarly, if you are of my generation, you remember US Government surplus cheese in the 1980s.

Most cities have laws prohibiting the poor from taking the garbage behind restaurants. There are certainly some health risks associated with this; I can also see why this likely leads to unsightly messes. I think laws allowing restaurants to leave in clearly marked locations food that has not gone bad that could be safely put in a timed container: eat until 10:00 PM. This could certainly alleviate hunger among the homeless. Is this an ideal way of doing it? No. But better than letting people fall through the crevasses of pride or bureaucracy.

I can see why farmers might not be keen on legal recognition of gleaning. It would certainly be commercially misused. Not everyone gleaning a harvest is likely to be responsible about access to the fields.


Saturday, October 3, 2026

Some Family History From My Sister Carolyn That You Might Find Interesting

 ROOT BEER IN GRANNY’S BATHTUB

 by Carolyn Cramer Goldwasser Oct. 1, 2026

 Yes, I got to help my Granny Annie Langley Naylor make and bottle root beer. I was 8 years old in 1950 and she was 65 years old. She did things in an old fashioned (even for then) kind of way. Her cook stove was a huge cast iron, woodburning stove, (meaning the heat to cook on the top and in the oven came from pieces of wood burning inside one end of it). Out of the top of the other end of it rose a curved shiny metal smokestack that fitted tightly into a hole in the actual brick chimney, thru the kitchen side of the wall. Next to the smokestack was a cast iron shelf on which a very big tea kettle sat, keeping water hot.

 On the living room side of the wall, there was a heater which burned “fuel-oil”.  It was about two feet away from the wall and it had a similar smoke- stack that fitted into a hole on the other side of the same chimney. All the smoke and fumes from both stoves went out of the brick chimney (which extended several feet above the top of the roof) up into the sky.

 I don’t think there was a separate water heater in that house. But there was plumbing, and cold water would flow into the kitchen sink, bathroom sink, and bathtub. The water in the kettle above the cook stove was always hot, so granny would grab it and pour some hot water into the cold water in the tub to warm it up enough for us kids to take a bath. Only on Saturday nights we got baths. Other times we washed in the sink, with less water.

 So how did we make Root Beer? First, you save the glass soda bottles from last year. Then you gather or buy roots (from which the name root beer comes). Wintergreen is the only root I remember granny naming, but it seemed to me there were several different kinds of roots involved.  She roasted and boiled the roots to make a dark brown liquid in a giant pot. Then she added a big bag of sugar and boiled it some more.

 She did tell me how they had dug and roasted chicory roots to make “coffee” during the Depression – chicory is bitter, and so is dandelion root, which they may have used for the root beer as well as for the “coffee.”

 So, then the bathtub was scrubbed clean and rinsed well.  The stopper was securely put in place and several gallons of the dark brown, warm sweet liquid were poured into the tub to ferment for a week or so.  She stirred it every day watching for bubbles to form when it was ready. The root beer got the bathtub. It was summertime, warm weather, no school, no baths. Warm weather all day and all night was needed for the fermentation to proceed properly. So we made root beer in summer.

 Next step: last year’s glass bottles were put in the giant pot covered with water and slowly brought to a boil, to be sterilized.  They then cooled, in the water. A funnel and a ladlecargol helped us fill the sterile bottles, as we sat on thick towels on the bathroom floor.

 We moved to the kitchen table and the heavy steel bottle capping tool was brought out, as were the many thin discs of soft metal that would become lids for the bottles.

 The bottling tool worked with a handle on a lever, which we older kids could pull down, to exert force onto the top of the metal disc, which we had set on top of the full bottle; the bottle was held securely in place below the lever, by a clamp, which was a part of the boxy form of the tool.  The soft, thin metal disc was forced over the top of the bottle, bending into a bunch of evenly spaced little crimps around the edges, holding it securely onto the top of the bottle, keeping the liquid and the bubbles inside for many months. 

 Root beer has no alcohol content. It is bitter and sweet and fizzy and it was considered healthier than regular beer with alcohol in it. And kids could drink it!  My grandparents were members of the Salvation Army and were against alcohol. My mother was an officer in the Salvation Army before she married my father. There were no alcoholic beverages in our house, ever.

 I think it is not a coincidence that after I was grown and married with kids, I studied and learned to make several kinds of fermented foods: including Kosher dill pickles (lots of bubbles, sour but without vinegar – just salt, garlic, dill and cucumbers), sourdough bread, raising without yeast; and Amasake, a drink. 

 Amasake is made from whole grain glutinous rice cooked soft, with extra water, and then fermented with koji (a fermentation starter), in a warm oven, for a couple of days, just long enough to let the starches (carbohydrates) in the rice chemically change into sugars. It gets stirred from time to time. The fermentation breaks down the skin of the whole grain, and it gets mushy and sweet. It can have a similar taste and consistency to a milkshake if it is pureed and chilled. I helped some macrobiotic folks at the Grainaissance mochi factory, near Berkeley, make amazake to sell, flavored with cooked fruits and nut butters. Yes, a good substitute for milk shake.

 Quickly stopping the fermentation (by boiling it) prevents the sugars from progressing to become alcohols. “Amasake” means Sweet Sake. If you let it ferment past sugars, then you have regular Sake – the Japanese alcoholic drink. 

 Miso and soy sauce are made with soybeans and grain, fermented in the presence of salt, which controls the fermentation.  The soy proteins become more accessible, being already partially digested by the fermentation process. Not just a flavoring, but they are good high protein foods. And they are an important part of a vegan macrobiotic diet.

 Miso and soy sauce are dark brown, like root beer. And here I am, many decades later, still involved with dark brown fermented foods!  Yesterday, I cooked my breakfast soup with miso in it. Today I flavored my breakfast porridge with a splash of soy sauce.  Thanks, Granny for teaching me how to cook and how to grow food in your garden. And for saying grace before every meal: “Bless this food to our bodies and make us grateful, teach us how to be kind and to help each other. Amen.”

 

 

 

Wednesday, September 16, 2026

Warning Signs Ignored

 

Torrance, Cal. (1973)

02/11/1973: Police investigated a missing person report and four theater employees. They were at first unsure if the victims were shot or stabbed to death It turned out that he used a gun to get compliance but used a knife to slit their throats. They could not be identified at first because of the amount of blood on their bodies. The safe was open.

Subsequent investigation into a similar business robbery that only resulted in one murder and the suspect’s suicide in jail led police to surmise that a long-time criminal, 30, with an extensive psychiatric history, which included repeated warnings that he was a murder-in-training. Police arrested him for misdemeanor traffic warrants; he committed suicide in jail. He committed the murders after a detailed casing of the theater. He told his roommate that “if he didn’t come back there was no reason to feel guilty. If everything went right, he would have $2,000 owed to him and his roommate would read about in the newspapers.”

Category: public

Suicide: no

Cause: robbery

Weapon: knife[1]

Monday, September 14, 2026

A Whole Universe of Time & Hurt in One News Story

 

Kerrville, Tex. (1973)

02/06/1973: Wife returned from work to find her husband, a justice of the peace shot to death. When police went to inform his son, they found the son and daughter-in-law also shot to death. Police were reluctant to suggest a motive, but another local justice of the peace described this as a “grudge killing.”

Category: family non-resident

Suicide: no

Cause: unknown

Weapon: firearm[1]



[1] "Triple Murder In Texas Kills Judge, Couple," [Eau Claire, Wisc] Leader-Telegram, Feb. 06, 1973, 7.

I could find no other coverage about this obscure rural justice of the peace or his murder. A rather complex novel is waiting to be written about these three lives ended prematurely. Mafia? Philandering judge? Inherited oil well stolen in legal proceedings? It could be anything. There is a saying from Judaic thought that:

Therefore the man was created singly, to teach that he who destroys one soul of a human being, the Scripture considers him as if he should destroy a whole world, and him who saves one soul of Israel, the Scripture considers him as if he should save a whole world.

Trace back all the lives touched by this J.P., his son, daughter-in-law and their orphaned daughters. There is a universe of human living, suffering, joy, and meaning there. 

 

Thursday, September 10, 2026

How Did I Miss This Craziness?

 3/21/1977 Time:

The heart of the capital was under siege. Everywhere, it seemed, was the wail of sirens, snarled traffic, milling crowds, police marksmen poised on rooftops, swarms of reporters interviewing one another in the glare of floodlights. Extra guards were posted at Government buildings; on the Hill each member of Congress was offered an armed police escort. The Washington Monument was temporarily closed to visitors: it was within the range of snipers. Affairs of state moved forward—cautiously. At the end of his visit with President Carter, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin left quietly with no farewell ceremony; incoming British Prime Minister James Callaghan did not receive the traditional 19-gun salute, for fear it might trigger a slaughter. All this was the work of a mere dozen men who held 132 hostages in three Washington buildings for a chilling 38 hours. The terrorists made dramatically clear what has become all too obvious: anybody with a cause and a gun, be he mad or madcap, fanatic or eccentric, can seize and hold national attention by kidnaping and threatening to kill innocent victims.

The Washington assault was the culminating event of a spate of terrorist acts that have bedeviled the country. It proved again how vulnerable the society is to such attacks. Given the circumstances, it was wondrous that the drama ended with so little blood spilled: one dead and four wounded by gunfire, a dozen others cut and beaten. That the toll was not higher was in part a tribute to the primary tactic U.S. law enforcement officials are now using to thwart terrorists—patience (see box). But most of all, perhaps, it was due to the courageous intervention of three Muslim ambassadors, Egypt’s Ashraf Ghorbal. Pakistan’s Sahabzada Yaqub-Khan and Iran’s Ardeshir Zahedi.

The Washington siege was an explosive mixture of gangsterism, revenge, racial hostility and religious bickering elevated, as the participants proclaimed, to the level of a holy war. The terrorists were members of a sliver-sized religious organization called the Hanafi—a rival of the much larger Black Muslims, a group that has been plagued with violence over the years but has recently become more subdued (TIME, March 14).

Friday, September 4, 2026

Chris Miller Chip War

Not Chip Wars, a different book 

I am almost done reading it. This remains a fascinating and very readable book. Many aspects of this are not new to me, for obvious reasons. Many of the fine technical details, such as how photolithography was invented, were news to me. (I remember seeing a book in the Computer Literacy bookstore in Silicon Valley, at the center of the nerd universe) about how to do your own photolithography at home.

Trump Administration gets high marks for taking seriously Chinese efforts to dominate chip industry for both economic and military reasons. 

Because the book was published in 2025, the more recent stuff does not appear such as how AI is raising the importance of chips. Also, Trump’s successful wooing of TSMC into building a fab in Arizona was just as this book was going to press.

UPDATE: I am in the last chapter and the TSMC fab in Arizona appears as well as discussion of AI's impact.

Sunday, August 30, 2026

Stalking Poseidon

If you know the Odyssey, you know why the name matters. Over the years, as my daughter has acquired robots to vacuum the house, mow the lawn, and clean the pool, she has named each of them.

So far, we have only one robot: an Auquabot that cleans the pool which we named Poseidon, which we hope is less vengeful than the Greek god of the sea.

Lillie, our hyperactive Springer Spaniel, has decided that Poseidon is prey of some sort. She stands at the edge of the pool, barking and growling as it crawls the walls of the pool. Even though she loves to swim, she has shown no willingness to enter Poseidon's domain.  Look how it worked out for Odysseus!

Saturday, August 29, 2026

The Odyssey: Awesome

But loud in places. Worth seeing in theaters. Unfortunately, the Sea Peoples are again getting blame for the collapse of the Eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age societies. If you recall my review of 1177 B.C., we now know that climate change likely disrupted complex globalized trade networks, causing collapse of all but Egypt  

Friday, August 21, 2026

Andrew Ross Sorkin 1929: Inside the Greatest Crash in Wall Street History--and How It Shattered a Nation

I confess that because this was a Christmas gift from a progressive relative, I had some misgivings. It does seem to take a traditional view of what happened: too many people who could not afford to buy stocks using margin accounts, which when prices fell caused widespread margin calls, which caused immediate selling pressure, which caused a feedback loop of margin calls and more panic selling.  While catastrophic for ordinary people in over their heads (like Winston Churchill) and some speculators who lost millions more than they had, what really sank the economy was the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930.

Where the book is weak is money supply discussion. The Austrian school argument about N.Y. Fed Chair Strong inflating the money supply 1920-28 to bail out the Bank of England is not examined although he acknowledges that inflation in the 1920s played a part in creating the bubble.

Where it is strong is describing the people involved in the disaster: their quirks, their weaknesses, their greed and sometimes their well-intentioned efforts to prevent the disaster and then to alleviate it. That many of the speculators and political figures who created the Federal Reserve System were Democrats who tried to blame Hoover as a distraction from their roles in this is mentioned, and not subtly. Hoover comes across as a well-meaning person who got stuck with a mess properly blamed on Coolidge, Harding, and a lot of greedy, shortsighted speculators.

I am about halfway through.

On p. 321, he quotes FDR that the gold standard would be "unflinchingly maintained."

Monday, August 17, 2026

Friday, August 7, 2026

Paducah Kentucky Dog Park

Yet another small town with a lovely dog park. Somehow, I lost the picture, but shady with a hose for watering down the logs.

My g-g-g-grandfather invaded Paducah (along with several other regiments) in 1862. A Southern woman (emphatically not a lady in his view) made some disparaging remarks about the Union. A general heard her and announced that her house would make a fine hospital and requisitioned it for that purpose. 

Tuesday, August 4, 2026

Trigger Warnings Gone Wild!

 I hope you remember College Girls Gone Wild! From The College Fix:

TRENDING: Libraries attach trigger warnings to historical resource catalogs 

This may hurt to know but people in the past had no idea that some day, people who imagine themselves to be intellectuals would be so injured by language that today we consider hateful and offensive that even reading a description would be problematic.

A couple years ago, I used a small news clipping in an American History class that referred to a "Negro banker." I had at least one student who apparently thought the N-word was "Negro." I shudder to think what their reaction would be to the United Negro College Fund or the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum 

If you cannot read a catalog entry with some offensive antique words without blowing a gasket, maybe history or even academic study is not for you. Find a field more appropriate to you: unicorn breeding.

Sunday, July 26, 2026

A Fascinating Book: Tamed


Alice Roberts. Tamed: From Wild to Domesticated, the Ten Animals and Plants That Changed Human History. 


This is a popular history of the domestication of the animals and plants that to a large extent created our civilization. My wife found it interesting but not as well written as her English Composition teaching standards required. Yes, there are areas where I found the structure less than satisfying but it tells stories so interesting that I can forgive some minor issues.

If I fault this book for anything, it is that for many of these stories, it recounts the early attempts to understand the domestication process, then the later attempts, and now today’s theories.  While that development process has a certain detective story interest to it, it is far less satisfying to me and much wordier than just presenting current theory. 

Since I teach Western Civilization, these domestication events are of great importance. There is a bit of wit and humor scattered through the book, although not as thoroughly entertaining as Mary Roach's similar popular science books.

One surprising deficiency, since the author is a professor is that the lack of either traditional footnotes or endnotes. The bibliography is detailed, but if i am curious about one little detail, I should not need to read through a dozen books and journal articles to find it.

The chapter on humans I thought might examine the futile attempts of eugenics but it is an examination of how for a variety of reasons, humans have changed genetically in ways that have tamed us, making us more able to get along with each other.  Also along discussion of why GMO is the Island of Dr. Moreau disaster that many Greens assume but of course it turns into evil greedy corporations cannot be trusted with this, only the selfless universities and other nonprofits. 

Monday, July 20, 2026

I Knew the Date Seemed Important

A high point of Western Civilization, America, and Humanity.  Another reminder of the importance of metric system.