Tonight's Obscure Question

I am trying to find a count of revolvers sold before the Civil War by year.  I know Colt and Remington made revolvers.  Who else?

Remington, Starr, Whitney, Beal and Joslyn 

Those Assault Vehicles

4/27/23 AP:

"RIVERSIDE, Calif. (AP) — A Southern California man accused of killing three teenage boys by intentionally ramming their car after they played a doorbell-ringing prank on him was found guilty Friday of murder."

Spending the Weekend Grading Papers

Some horrible, some excellent.  A few students are getting well-educated in the art of writing 

Gluten Free Bread, Take Two

I made a second loaf of gluten free bread with my new bread maker but added a couple teaspoons of sugar and another teaspoon of yeast.  Wow!  Awesome.  Not quite as fluffy as glutentastic white bread but close enough.  I am going to start making two loaves a week.

I have no pictures because we did not eat the first loaf fast enough and the lack of preservatives became greenly apparent.  Perhaps we should have kept it in the refrigerator.  This last loaf is pretty well gone.  I will take a selfie with today's loaf. We are fast becoming BFFs (Bread Forever Friends).

Part of what likely made medieval life tolerable was all bread was freshly baked 

Bad Signs

I know a very DEI-infected college professor who decided to fail a student in spite of "equity" concerns because the student would simply be unable to be effective working in the profession.  Obviously this realism only matters in professional fields, not Victim Studies or Postmodern Art or Colonial Historical Revisionism.  At some point, reality will start to intrude on the DEI fantasy.  Yet another reason state legislatures need to tell state universities to educate as many students in fields that will likely have jobs. Engineering, Accounting, Social Work, even Journalism.

Victory in Illinois

 Barnet v. Raoul (S.D.Ill. 2023).  

CONCLUSION

Plaintiffs have satisfied their burden for a preliminary injunction. They have shown irreparable harm with no adequate remedy at law, a reasonable likelihood of success on the merits, that the public interest is in favor of the relief, and the balance of harm weighs in their favor. Therefore, the Plaintiffs’ motions for preliminary injunction are GRANTED. Defendants are ENJOINED from enforcing Illinois statutes 720 ILCS 5/24-1.9(b) and (c), and 720 ILCS 5/24-1.10, along with the PICA amended provisions set forth in 735 ILCS 5/24-1(a), including subparagraphs (11), (14), (15), and (16), statewide during the pendency of this litigation until the Court can address the merits.

 

The Court recognizes that the issues with which it is confronted are highly contentious and provoke strong emotions. Again, the Court’s ruling today is not a final resolution of the merits of the cases. Nothing in this order prevents the State from confronting firearm-related violence. There is a wide array of civil and criminal laws that permit the commitment and prosecution of those who use or may use firearms to commit crimes. Law enforcement and prosecutors should take their obligations to enforce these laws seriously. Families and the public at large should report concerning behavior. Judges should exercise their prudent judgment in committing individuals that pose a threat to the public and imposing sentences that punish, not just lightly inconvenience, those guilty of firearm-related crimes. [emphasis added]

The Illinois assault weapons ban may not be enforced in the meantime.  It almost seems as though my discussion of mental illness and mass murder made an impact.  I am waiting for a check for my work on this case.  But even ignoring my absurd pay for this (high not low), this is a win for me.

And a federal judge upstate refused to grant an injunction.  That unfortunately is the case that I worked 

Adequate Cheek Weld on Carry Handle AR-15

I have an antique.

Trying to get the cheek weld my instructor wanted was difficult because the scope sits on the now antique carry handle.  And no not detachable (1991 vintage). Cheekpiece for M1As make sense because operating handle does not impact the cheekpiece.  Not so much for an AR-15 where the charging handle needs  a bit of travel.  I manage to shoot okay as I mentioned yesterday.  Any suggestions?  How important is the cheek weld?

199.5!

The trick now is to stay below 200.  I hope soon to get my BMI into normal range.

And Now a Word From Our Sponsor

Widener's is very proud of their new easier to navigate web site.

So far, it seems good to me. If you need something that they carry it would be nice if you could buy something from them.  Tell them Clayton sent you.

Fun Day at the Range

I took an AR-15 class today.  Top notch instructor.  The Bushnell 3x9-40mm BDC scope is past its prime (bought in the 1980s) and trying to adjust elevation by clicking CCW moved impact point down. CW also moved impact point down.  At least we managed to get it to reliably let me hit steel plates at 200 yards, 300 yards, 400 yards, and 500 yards.  By the end the wind was strong enough at 500 yards (and of course bullet speed drops a bit at that distance) that I had to hold left about a foot to hit the plate.

I may replace the scope with Redfield Rebel 4x12x40mm (made by Leupold in the USA with a lifetime warranty).  The Vortex Diamondback is an alternative made in the Philippines.

Beautiful Weather

We have had several lovely days. Blue skies, temperature in the 60s.  If it was like this in summer it would be perfect.

The good news is that I have a CAT scan of my heart scheduled for May 8 and a consultation with the surgeon May 9.  The CAT scan gets the valve dimensions.  I worry that they may decide they have to cut me open and put in a mechanical valve.  It was bad but mechanical valves outlast the body.  That will have to wait until after I testify in Portland in early June.  Last time it was three months of recovery and a week of morphine (or it seemed like a week).

I Would Like to Think This Was Parody

Here.

Trying to rack the slide on a revolver.

Putting it to her head (although only close enough to mess up her hairdo and likely burn her scalp).

Child in the room.

Get this woman some training (or 50 more IQ points).

Limited Blogging

 I am way too busy writing expert declarations for cases around the nation.  I am going to miss the money when the other side gives up.  (Yeah, right.)

To My Surprise and Pleasure

Valley County Idaho has a light pollution ordinance.

The glory of the Milky Way in summer, constellations clearly visible, and the joy of seeing the sky as our ancestors saw it for centuries.  I wish I knew how to create a movement to that end in Canyon County although the horse way out of the barn here.

All These People That Left the Workforce Are Not Retired

How are they getting food and shelter?

This Law Endorsed by a Mass Murderer

4/20/23 New York Post:

"The 25-year-old commercial developer wrote a 13-page missive that detailed his motives for gunning down his colleagues during their morning conference at the Old National Bank last week, a massacre he captured on a deranged Instagram live stream, the DailyMail reported.

Sturgeon reportedly hoped to showcase how easy it was to buy a gun in Kentucky and wanted to highlight the mental health crisis in America."

Are They Coming To Get Me?

A couple nights ago, our windows started rattling.  Big truck in the street? No.  Four Chinook helicopters flying very low just above our house.  No they did not land and drag me away.  Why so low?  Maybe that Stinger in eBay (or was it craigslist?) is not such a bad idea.

There Are Days That Nothing Can Surprise Me

4/19/23 Fox News:

"The National Institutes of Health is funding a study via a women's health grant that is recruiting people as young as 18 to uncover what it acknowledges as the "unknown" cardiovascular effects of surgically removing testicles on patients diagnosed with gender dysphoria."

When I was young, I was a big fan on SF writer John Brunner. One of his books was The Jagged Orbit, set in the early 21st century in an America with news stories and events so absurdly impossible that all you could do was laugh.  What we have received is more absurd than his writing.  That voters are electing idiots that push these policies is a strong argument against representative government.  I do not have an alternative, but as unrealistic as anarchy is, it is seeming less and less absurd.

I Can Hardly Wait to Share With My Students

We have discussed how Rome debased it's currency in the later years of the Empire.

 4/20/23 CNBC:

" WASHINGTON — A bipartisan bill to authorize the U.S. Mint to alter the metal content of coins in order to save taxpayers money will be reintroduced on Thursday, the two senators sponsoring the bill told CNBC exclusively.

The bill's reintroduction comes just days after a new report from the U.S. Mint revealed that in 2022, soaring costs for raw metals drove the price of minting a single nickel past 10 cents, or more than double the value of the coin itself."

Some Days the Moon Aligns Just Right

Attorney asks do you have evidence of gun making in Philadelphia in colonial or early Republic.  Let me see.  I have a spreadsheet with 4000 gunsmiths and gun makers before1840.  I think I can help.

Having Trouble Sleeping: Time for Math

Some people count sheep. I do squares of two digit numbers.  It is easier than it sounds.  Any two digit number can be factored to a power of ten plus the last digit.  58 is (50 + 8).  Binomial theorem makes that 50x50 +2x50x8 + 8x8.  Each of those is easy to do in your head 2500 + 800 + 64.  Line them up in columns and add 2500 + 864 equals 3364.  Now you do it.  54 squared.

Multiplying dissimilar two digit numbers is easier than you might think if at least of them is composite it is easier.  If both are prime you will need to do it in your head like on paper.  But if at least one is composite or better both are composite even easier.

See if you can factor one of the two digit numbers to something with a 5.  Ideally both have a 5 as a factor.  15 x 35 becomes 3x5 x 5 x 7.  5x5 is 25 which is special.  3x7 is 21.  Any number x25 is number x 100/4.  2100/4 you can do in your head: 2100/2 is 1050.  Divide by 2 again and you have 525.  If you have only one 5 in your factors, fine.  45 x 21 is 5x9 x 7x3.  9x7 is 63.  3x63 you can do in your head.  189.  189x5 is 1890/2 or 210.

Good.  I am almost tired.

Assault Pistol Sales Figures

Stupid little pretend subguns like the TEC-9, KG99, and similar pistols with detachable magazines in front of the grip.  Also, the Uzi pistol.  Does anyone have a source for those figures?

Amazon Has to Break Everything

You used to be able to buy Kindle books from inside Kindle.  No more.  A year or two back you needed to buy them from Amazon and they would magically appear in the Kindle app.  No longer.  I press the buy button for a Kindle edition of Samuel Pepys' diary...and nothing happens.  It makes no purchase and nothing shows up in my Kindle app.  Are they trying to lose sales opportunities?

Christmas, Its Secular Twin, and Easter

 From my wife's blog:

"Let's be honest here.  Christmas is now a holiday in a parallel universe.  You can have a tree, pretty ornaments and lights, colorful decorations, beautifully crafted outdoor displays and indoor decorating and lots and lots of shopping for the "perfect gift."

There you have it:  Christmas without Christ."

I Think I See Why There Are No Employees Available

 My cell phone's microphone stopped working.  The Speakerphone mike still worked but that is clumsy. I went to Cricket.  With my insurance, it was $75 to get a replacement.  For $100 more, I got a phone with the compass sensor, useful for some astronomical programs.  But there are dozens of games on this thing; uninstalling them is laborious and I suspect intentional.  Are people under 40 so intellectually uncurious that they would rather play Candy Crush than read a book?

It is taking a long time remove these space wasters, and some seem intent on making uninstall slow.

Awesome Breadmaker

One of you swore by this brand made in Japan.

This was actually made in China.  The first attempt to make gluten-free produced a mutant being because we were reading off the wrong page.

We tried for basic white bread and did not need to throw it in the Tiber.

Delicious.  I may never buy bread again.

I am told the unpronounceable name means Elephant Trademark in Japanese.  Yes Japanese has a word for elephant borrowed from Chinese.  At least China has elephants in neighboring nations 

200.0

This has been a struggle but 200 pounds is the lightest since I left the hospital after my stroke. 

This Has So Many Levels of ? On It

4/14/23  Reuters:

WASHINGTON, April 13 (Reuters) - The FBI on Thursday arrested Jack Douglas Teixeira, a 21-year-old member of the U.S. Air National Guard, over the leaks online of classified documents that embarrassed Washington with allies around the world.

Federal agents in an armored car and military gear swooped in on Teixeira, dressed in gym shorts, a T-shirt and trainers, at his home in Dighton, Massachusetts, a mostly wooded town of 8,000 about 50 miles (80 km) south of Boston....

Teixeira was an airman 1st class at Otis Air National Guard Base in Massachusetts, according to his service record. He joined the Air National Guard in 2019 and worked as a "Cyber Transport Systems Journeyman," or an IT specialist.

Attorney General Merrick Garland told reporters Teixeira was wanted "in connection with an investigation into alleged unauthorized removal, retention, and transmission of classified national defense information."

Okay, he's an IT specialist.  Are secret documents that poorly protected?  I am not casting doubt on whether they really have identified the culprit, just wondering how much access an Air National Guardsman has to such sensitive information. 

Buying Non-Chinese

 I have been clean-shaven for several weeks while undergoing electrical stimulation therapy to strengthen my throat muscles.  I was looking to order an electric shaver.  To my surprise, several of the Braun shavers are made in Germany.  They are roughly 6x as expensive as the Chinese made ones.  I used to have a Braun and it worked well.  Certainly, it is worth spending an extra $150 to not arm our enemies.

Spring Has Finally Arrived

After months of days that seldom broke 40

Smells Like Russian Disinformation

 
It makes a lot of claims to explain why COVID-19 vaccine kills some people.  In watching it, I found some serious flaws.

1. The guy who immediately hemorrhages through his chest a second after injection is implausible; nothing spreads that fast through the bloodstream.

2. I see no evidence that graphite or graphene are used for nanocapsules.  The shell is organic to facilitate the body dissolving it.  They do not distribute medicine through holes in the shell.

3. The electron microscope image at about 04:56 identifies the nanoparticles as polystyrene which the body cannot dissolve.  It is a plastic of considerable organic stability, which is why it is used in food packaging.

4. Why have none of the many critics of the vaccine concentrated them in a centrifuge and then examined them chemically?  The nanoparticles carry the mRNA.

5. The high-quality of the video makes me wonder if Russia or China is the source to create or increase fear of our government.  Russia in particular wants us to turn a blind eye to the Ukraine invasion.

I find it easy to believe that there are some safety problems with the vaccine, which will show up in small numbers of recipients.  Vaccines have always been hazardous; just less so than the disease.  The push to get everyone vaccinated and boosted several times is most plausibly greed by the makers.

Davis-Bacon Act

 I have mentioned the role of this law in disemploying blacks.  This article from the UCLA National Black Law Journal goes into this in great scholarly detail.

In one infamous racial incident in 1917, riots against Blacks broke out in East St. Louis, Illinois,39  leading to the deaths of thirty-nine Blacks.39 The major provocateur of the riots was Edward F. Mason, Secretary of the East St. Louis AFL Central Trades & Labor Union.40 He called on union members to march on city hall to demand a halt to "the importation" of Southern Blacks, and the deportation of those who had already arrived.41 "The immigration of the Southern Negro into our city," Mason stated, was a "growing menace." 42 Samuel Gompers, President of the AFL, defended the rioters on the grounds that the capitalists of East St. Louis had been "luring colored men into that city to supplant white labor. 43'

No surprisingly, the Democrats remain committed to this law. 

Bread Machine not Made in China?

Our Hitachi bread maker was 20 years old and stopped making good bread about the time my wife became gluten intolerant.  (Maybe it knew.)

We bought a Hamilton-Beach bread machine made of course in China.  I think I showed the first two construction brick results.

We decided to make one last but following their fairly specific instructions and the results were even worse:

I tried to find a non-Chinese bread maker.  Panasonic apparently still makes them in Japan but does not sell them here.  You can buy one from Japan but instructions are in Japanese and I am sure they would not be under any sort of factory warranty.   Taiwanese?  Not that I can find.  American? No.  

I briefly toyed with using my USA-made Kitchen Aid mixer but the work required to make bread this way is why these bread machines are so popular.  I will be shipping this Hamilton-Beach back to Amazon tomorrow.   I am just frustrated that my choices are Chinese and the first example was a failure 

Valve-in-Valve TAVR

Huh?  TAVR is Trans Arterial Valve Replacement.   They replace a bad aortic valve by running a catheter from your femoral artery to your heart and drop the new biprosthetic valve on the failing valve.   

When I had my aortic valve replaced in 2013 with a horse valve TAVR was still riskier than cutting a hole in my chest.  TAVR is no longer risky and a one week recovery time instead of three months (and it was a bad three months in 2013).  My aortic valve is beginning to shows symptoms that it is wearing out and it may need replacement soon.  

Fortunately Valve-in-Valve TAVR procedure can install a new valve over the old one.  This is good.  The suffering after the 2013 replacement made me consider that another such replacement might make say goodbye instead.

The aortic valve opens outward into the aorta so a press fit should allow the new biprosthetic valve to just push the old valve into the wall and operate normally.   There are calcification deposits on the current valve so I assume they will put carotid artery filters in place before doing this to avoid a repeat of the 2014 tragedy.  They put the filters in by syringe then remove them after the danger period.  I am assuming they put the filters in while I am under and probably remove them under local anesthetic.   Perhaps better to be under.  The filters are not huge but I doubt it is pain-free.

Sooner better than later.  I am suffering the exhaustion while exercising that characterized my life from childhood to 2013.  After recovering from the 2013 surgery, I had more energy and ability to walk than I could remember in decades.  My wife and I went on a vacation in 2013 that was the most happy memories of that entire decade.

I am also beginning to cough a lot which is also a symptom of aortic valve stenosis.  First in the morning, I am calling to find out why another six months to the next echocardiogram.  If I can get my energy back and less easily winded, a week in the hospital is well worth it.  The angioplasty is roughly equivalent to TAVR and it was really not bad unlike a stroke or cutting a hole in between my ribs to install my horse aortic valve.  I am just amazed at the skill of the surgeon who did this through a hole about 2" wide and 1/4" wide.  

He was with SOCOM.  It was sort of neat having an all AR-15 surgical team working on me.

Called and pushed a bit.  Referral to surgeon. 

I cannot find it from my phone but a Journal of the American Heart Association article compared Valve-in-Valve TAVR to surgical aortic valve (SAVR) replacement and found TAVR was no more risky than SAVR and had better results in ejection fraction and correcting aortic regurgitation (AR).  It appears that while Valve-in-Valve TAVR is not yet as common as TAVR for native valves the one week recovery time compared to three (in my experience painful) months is well worth it.

Christmas and Its Secular Twin

From my wife's blog:

"Let's be honest here.  Christmas is now a holiday in a parallel universe.  You can have a tree, pretty ornaments and lights, colorful decorations, beautifully crafted outdoor displays and indoor decorating and lots and lots of shopping for the "perfect gift."

There you have it:  Christmas without Christ."

Babel: An Arcane History

By R.F. Kuang.

This is a very odd book.  You can read it an anti-colonial work or as how an anti-colonial crazy might explain colonialism with a lot of imagination and no understanding of the real world.  Once you are in this parallel universe, there is a certain logic that if a bit heavy-handed makes sense enough and interesting enough to read through.

I an only giving away a little with this.  Imagine a parallel universe where the British Empire's power came not from the Industrial Revolution, the weapons it produced, and the entrepreneurial spirit of its often immoral businessmen but from a magic power produced by inscribing two words on opposite sides of a block of silver that means similar but not identical ideas in two different languages.  This produces more powerful coal-fired ships, faster horse-drawn wagons, sewage treatment, building reinforcement.  Now this is set in the 1830s before the first Opium War (which you may recall was to force China to allow Britain to import opium, which created a vast swarm of addicts in exchange for silver).

There are a lot of odd inconsistencies.   Many of the Silver Industrial Revolution products herein are not from the 1830s.  It also overlooks why China had so many opium addicts: an imperial government that made life very hard so that escape into a land of dreams was attractive.  (We have a similar problem here and again our government's policies have certainly contributed to widespread despair in black ghettos and rural America.  Some people also just like addiction.)

Also lost is that in our universe, part of Chinese weakness was not because Britain used this magical silver power but that the Imperial Chinese government was full of intellectuals who saw no reason to absorb Western technology.  When you are the center of world civilization why would you?  (Modern China and Mejii Restoration Japan were not so delusional.)

The Industrial Revolution in our universe played a major role in creating British dominance.  Steamships and quinine made possible European conquest of Africa, and well after the period of this novel.

It is a novel that exhibits great scholarship.  She has a M.Phil. from Cambridge, an M.Sc. from Oxford and is now studying for a Ph.D. at Yale.

It is sometimes hard to understand how much resentment the century of unequal treaties created in China and the resentment that survives until you read a book like this.

Back flap picture of her: knock-out beautiful as well as smart.

Gun Control Works!

4/5/23 NBC News:

RIO DE JANEIRO — A man with a hatchet jumped over a wall and invaded a daycare center Wednesday in Brazil, killing four children and wounding at least five others, authorities said.

The assailant turned himself in at a police station and did not appear to have any connection with the center, which offers nursery services, preschool education and after-school activities. The dead were between the ages of 5 and 7, authorities said.

Authorities were searching for a motive, the police detective leading the investigation, Ronnie Esteves, told television reporters in Blumenau, a city in southern Brazil, near the Atlantic coast. 

Anyone want to take any bets on "mad as a hatter"? 

Windows 10 Made Sharing Files and Folders Easy

 Windows 11...no.  What I can find by Googling says select and right click a folder you want to share, More Options, Give Access, and I selected Everyone.  When I try to open from another PC in my network, it says that I do not have permissions.  Under Advanced network settings, I have turned off Password protected sharing.

Does anyone know how to make this work?

As I hunt for a solution, it appears that many people are having this same problem.  You can share through Public folders but no others.  How do real companies survive this mess?  I also find that Microsoft shows File Explorer having a ribbon that I do not have.

I have always shied away from Linux because it was sufficiently user-friendly for my wife, but Windows 11's inability to share is putting me in that same box.

Trust SkyNet!

4/3/22 USA Today reports on how ChatGPT made up a story about sexusl harassment allegations against Professor Jonathan Turley including making up a Washington Post article to back up its story. 

5 Days of Stock Market Up

Institutional investors may have confidence that most of the interest rate hikes are past.  Or the massive outflows from small banks will end up in the stock market where the risks are real but so are the rewards.  A bank is built on the low rewards, low risk model.   If the risk is high go where the reward is higher. 

Touching Class of Songs

Jilted women who lose their sanity.  Delta Dawn, Just Leave Me Alone (Ruby Red Dress).

Are there other examples?

I find these touching because this is (I think) a pretty common real-life situation.

Diana Ross' song The Last Time I Saw Him about a scoundrel who takes her money to set them up in the big city: "if there was nothing wrong, he would return right on that bus." is about a scoundrel and a woman so naive that she ignores her mother: "Mama doesn't trust him but he loves me, I can tell."

She is not crazy just gullible.

Welcome to 1977

My wife wants to declutter more.  This is a Kenwood KR-2600 and two Acoustic Research AR16 speakers that I bought in 1977 when single.  There are a lot of memories of 1970s and 1980s wrapped up in these three boxes. (The 1970s memories are not so good; I was single.  Single and nerdy was not good in that decade.)  But they need to go.  I am hoping that Vintage Audio will buy them.  The speakers are too heavy to ship.  Someone on eBay might buy the receiver. 

News You Can Use

One of the Jaguar key fobs did not survive the washing machine.  My attempt to transplant the PC board into a new case was for naught.  My insurer covers replacing the fob with a $100 deductible under comprehensive, although not the $185 reprogramming fee.  (That process us absurdly complex )

Since the fob costs $400 this made my day.

Math Problem That Has No Trains or Chicago

The years are 2006-2022.  In the period 2006-2017 40.5% of the firearms used cannot accept large capacity magazines.  (Revolvers, single-shot rifles, shotguns.)  How do we determine how many total fatalities are required 2018-2022 to make 85% of fatalities 2006-2022 from LCMs?  Do the math; show your work.

Do your part to destroy Hawaii's 10 round pistol magazine limit.

StarLink Install

It looks like it should be easier than a satellite TV dish.  It is not pointed somewhere particular.   Have any of you done it?

Hysterical comment that deserves posting.

I have Starlink. Installed over a year ago. If the installation process has changed at all, I suspect it's gotten easier. The concept clearly intends an astronaut on the surface of Mars wearing a bulky pressure suit, manipulating heavy gloves, seeing through a cracked faceplate to complete the process in under one minute.

Another Victory to Blame on Bruen

 From Renna v. Bonta (S.D.Cal. 2023):

ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND
DENYING IN PART PLAINTIFFS’
MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY
INJUNCTION...

While the topic of gun regulation and its permissible scope is hotly debated in America’s political theater, the role of this Court is to determine whether the roster provisions of the UHA violate Plaintiffs’ Second Amendment rights under United States Supreme Court precedent in New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n v. Bruen, 142 S. Ct. 2111 (2022). Bruen abrogated the “means-end” approach used by circuit courts across the country to determine the constitutionality of gun regulations under the Second Amendment, including a Ninth Circuit decision that previously upheld the UHA’s chamber load indicator, magazine disconnect mechanism, and microstamping requirements. See Pena v. Lindley, 898 F.3d 969 (9th Cir. 2018). Under Bruen, when the Second Amendment’s plain text covers an individual’s conduct, the Constitution presumptively protects that conduct, in which case the State “may not simply posit that the regulation promotes an important interest,” such as public safety. 142 S. Ct. at 2126. Rather, to justify its regulation, the State must demonstrate that the regulation is consistent with this Nation’s historical traditions of firearm regulations. Id.  Under this newly formulated standard, the Court concludes that Plaintiffs’ desire to commercially purchase newer models of semiautomatic handguns in common use is covered by the Second Amendment and presumptively protected. Because the State is unable to show the UHA’s chamber load indicator, magazine disconnect mechanism, and microstamping requirements are consistent with the Nation’s historical arms regulations, Plaintiffs are entitled to a preliminary injunction against the State’s enforcement of those three provisions, which operate to prohibit the commercial sale of these arms, as well as the three-for-one roster removal provision, which depends on the enforceability of those provisions. However, Plaintiffs have not met their burden to show that the UHA’s roster listing requirement, and its fees, safety device, and testing requirements violate their Second Amendment rights. Plaintiffs’ motion for preliminary injunction is therefore granted in part and denied in part.

And the judge refused to grant California a stay pending appeal.